Journal of Workplace Behavior

Digitalizing Performance Appraisal and Employee Performance: A Moderated Mediation Model of Employee Engagement and Manager Role

Jamal Khaliq — 2025-12-30

Digital performance appraisals have emerged as a significant instrument in human resource management, playing a vital role to increase employee performance. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of performance appraisals depends on employees’ perceptions of fairness; only then can it positively affect employees and the overall organization. Accordingly, we developed and tested a dual pathway model based on social exchange theory, social identity theory and equity theory to investigate how digital performance appraisals impact employee job performance via employee engagement and Manager Role. We analyzed survey data from 251 employees in the Telecom sector along with their direct supervisors using advanced Partial Least Square SEM-PLS 4 software. Convenience sampling technique is used with A 5-point Likert scale is used. In the case of measurement model internal consistency reliability (Cronbach Alpha and Composite Reliability), convergent and discriminant validity of both lower and higher order constructs is measured. The structural model is used to test hypothesized relationships among the latent variables, along with evaluation of other quality criteria like estimation of Regression. In addition to evaluating other quality criteria like estimation of Regression the structural model is utilized to assess predicted correlations among the latent variables. The findings reveal that digital performance appraisals positively influence employee performance. Furthermore, employee engagement partially mediates the relationship between digital performance appraisals and job performance, while Manager Role moderates the link between employee engagement and employee performance. Our results suggest that when employees perceive fairness in their organization through digital performance appraisals, they are more likely to engage actively in their work and develop a genuine connection with their organizations, ultimately enhancing job performance and contributing to the sustainable growth of organizations. The findings also showed that employee engagement and DPA have a major effect on workers' performance. A significant contribution of the study is the establishment of the DPA process for employee performances through the mediating relationship of employee engagement. Which is a valuable contribution of the study. We also address the limitations and propose implications for both future research and practical applications.

Job Insecurity and Service Encounter Quality: An Empirical Study of Employee–Customer Interactions in the Service Sector

Hafiz Muhammad Khizar Naseem — 2025-12-30

Job insecurity is a growing and widespread issue in the service sector, impacting the well-being of employees, organizational performance, and customer satisfaction. This paper investigates the inter-correlations among job insecurity, emotional exhaustion, quality of employee-customer interaction, and organizational support. A quantitative questionnaire survey of 330 service sector employees indicated strong positive inter-correlation between job insecurity and emotional exhaustion, as well as between job insecurity and quality of employee-customer interaction. Organizational support mediates job insecurity and employee-customer interaction quality, perhaps tempering the adverse effects of job insecurity. The current study indicates that resolving job insecurity and improving organizational support can yield customer satisfaction and organizational performance through improved employee-customer interaction.

Revolutionizing Dairy Production: A Comprehensive Analysis of Industry 4.0-based Optimization Strategies in Yogurt Filling Systems

Asad Ali — 2025-12-30

This study introduces a unique approach to yogurt and flavour-filling systems, presenting Case IV and a circular conveyor belt configuration. Unlike traditional linear setups, Case-IV revolutionizes yogurt and flavour-filling processes by optimizing processing time and space usage. The innovative system incorporates a Fanuc LR Mate 200ic robotic arm, NFC technology, and diverse conveyor belts, enhancing automation and energy efficiency, which are critical aspects of Industry 4.0. A mathematical model is developed, encompassing cup filling and shared movement along the conveyor belt. The model's results are compared with established methodologies, pushing the boundaries of efficiency and promoting sustainable production. Comparative analysis demonstrates the system’s superior performance, showcasing its flexibility and adaptability to evolving production needs.

Financial Inclusion, Competition and Financial Stability: New Evidence from Developing Economies

Saad Babar — 2025-12-30

The study explores the impact of competition and financial inclusion (FI) on financial stability (FS) in 3 emerging economies of South Aisa i.e. Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, between 2015 and 2023. This study contributes to the literature by incorporating the testing of the non-linear impact of FI on FS and also examining the interplay among competition and FI. GMM estimation is used for analysis. The results show that FI weakens FS in these nations, while competition supports it. The report emphasizes the importance of financial development as a key factor in enabling FI to positively impact FS. A nonlinear relationship is revealed by adding the square term of FI. The results suggest that deliberate investments in FI can improve FS, making it a top priority for emerging economies. The study concludes with policy recommendations for increasing FI in developing nations to support overall FS. Policymakers can develop a more resilient financial landscape by considering these recommendations and implementing specific regulations.